{"id":35,"date":"2017-05-24T17:27:59","date_gmt":"2017-05-24T17:27:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/medical-way-plus\/?page_id=35"},"modified":"2022-05-08T17:04:05","modified_gmt":"2022-05-08T17:04:05","slug":"mens-health","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/telehealth-global.com\/?page_id=35","title":{"rendered":"Men&#8217;s Health"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"35\" class=\"elementor elementor-35\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-783cd00e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"783cd00e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4543039\" data-id=\"4543039\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4336bf19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4336bf19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.5 - 27-04-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<b>Men&#8217;s health<\/b>\u00a0refers to health issues specific to human male anatomy. These often relate to structures such as\u00a0<a title=\"Male reproductive system (human)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Male_reproductive_system_%28human%29\" rel=\"nofollow\">male genitalia<\/a>\u00a0or to conditions caused by hormones specific to, or most notable in, males.\n\n<b>Andrology<\/b>\u00a0(from\u00a0<a title=\"Ancient Greek\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Greek\" rel=\"nofollow\">Ancient\u00a0Greek<\/a>:\u00a0<span lang=\"grc\">\u1f00\u03bd\u03ae\u03c1<\/span>,\u00a0<i>an\u0113r<\/i>,\u00a0<a title=\"Genitive\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genitive\" rel=\"nofollow\">genitive<\/a>\u00a0<span lang=\"grc\">\u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2<\/span>,\u00a0<i>andros<\/i>, &#8220;man&#8221;; and\u00a0<span lang=\"grc\">-\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/span>,\u00a0<i><a title=\"-logy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/-logy\" rel=\"nofollow\">-logia<\/a><\/i>) is the\u00a0<a title=\"Medicine\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medicine\" rel=\"nofollow\">medical specialty<\/a>\u00a0that deals with male health, particularly relating to the problems of the\u00a0<a title=\"Male reproductive system\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Male_reproductive_system\" rel=\"nofollow\">male reproductive system<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Urology\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urology\" rel=\"nofollow\">urological<\/a>\u00a0problems that are unique to\u00a0<a title=\"Men\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Men\" rel=\"nofollow\">men<\/a>. It is also known as &#8220;The science of\u00a0<a title=\"Men\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Men\" rel=\"nofollow\">Men<\/a>&#8220;. It is the counterpart to\u00a0<a title=\"Gynaecology\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gynaecology\" rel=\"nofollow\">gynaecology<\/a>, which deals with medical issues which are specific to the female reproductive system. Andrology has only been studied as a distinct specialty since the late 1960s: the first specialist journal on the subject was the German periodical\u00a0<i>Andrologie<\/i>\u00a0(now called\u00a0<i>Andrologia<\/i>), published from 1969 onwards.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrology#cite_note-1\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n\nMale-specific medical and\u00a0<a title=\"Surgery\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surgery\" rel=\"nofollow\">surgical procedures<\/a>\u00a0include\u00a0<a title=\"Vasectomy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vasectomy\" rel=\"nofollow\">vasectomy<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Vasovasostomy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vasovasostomy\" rel=\"nofollow\">vasovasostomy<\/a>\u00a0(one of the vasectomy reversal procedures) as well as intervention to deal with male genitourinary disorders such as the followed list\u00a0:\n<div>\n<ul>\n \t<li><a title=\"Balanitis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balanitis\" rel=\"nofollow\">balanitis<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Carcinoma of the penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carcinoma_of_the_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">carcinoma of the penis<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Cryptorchidism\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cryptorchidism\" rel=\"nofollow\">cryptorchidism<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Epididymitis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epididymitis\" rel=\"nofollow\">epididymitis<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Epispadias\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epispadias\" rel=\"nofollow\">epispadias<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Erectile dysfunction\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erectile_dysfunction\" rel=\"nofollow\">erectile dysfunction<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Frenulum breve\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frenulum_breve\" rel=\"nofollow\">frenulum breve<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Hydrocele\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydrocele\" rel=\"nofollow\">hydrocele<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Hypospadias\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypospadias\" rel=\"nofollow\">hypospadias<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Infertility\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infertility\" rel=\"nofollow\">infertility<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Micropenis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Micropenis\" rel=\"nofollow\">micropenis<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Orchitis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orchitis\" rel=\"nofollow\">orchitis<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Paraphimosis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraphimosis\" rel=\"nofollow\">paraphimosis<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Penile fracture\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penile_fracture\" rel=\"nofollow\">penile fracture<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Peyronie's disease\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peyronie%27s_disease\" rel=\"nofollow\">Peyronie&#8217;s disease<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Phimosis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis\" rel=\"nofollow\">phimosis<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Prostate cancer\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer\" rel=\"nofollow\">prostate cancer<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Prostatitis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostatitis\" rel=\"nofollow\">prostatitis<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Spermatocele\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spermatocele\" rel=\"nofollow\">spermatocele<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Testicular cancer\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer\" rel=\"nofollow\">testicular cancer<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Testicular torsion\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_torsion\" rel=\"nofollow\">testicular torsion<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Varicocele\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele\" rel=\"nofollow\">varicocele<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57b5acd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57b5acd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-578d9d0\" data-id=\"578d9d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ace086a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ace086a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.5 - 27-04-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Varicocele<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74b0843 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74b0843\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table class=\"sites-layout-name-one-column sites-layout-hbox\" cellspacing=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"sites-layout-tile sites-tile-name-content-1\"><div dir=\"ltr\"><b>Varicocele<\/b>\u00a0<span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u02c8\/ primary stress follows\">\u02c8<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'v' in 'vie'\">v<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u00e6r\/ 'arr' in 'marry'\">\u00e6r<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u0268\/ 'e' in 'roses'\">\u0268<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'k' in 'kind'\">k<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u0275\/ variable 1st 'o' in 'omission'\">\u0275<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'s' in 'sigh'\">s<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/i\u02d0\/ long 'e' in 'bead'\">i\u02d0<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'l' in 'lie'\">l<\/span><\/a><span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span>\u00a0is an abnormal enlargement of the\u00a0<a title=\"Pampiniform venous plexus\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pampiniform_venous_plexus\" rel=\"nofollow\">pampiniform venous plexus<\/a>\u00a0in the scrotum. This plexus of veins drains the testicles. The testicular\u00a0<a title=\"Blood vessels\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blood_vessels\" rel=\"nofollow\">blood vessels<\/a>\u00a0originate in the abdomen and course down through the\u00a0<a title=\"Inguinal canal\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inguinal_canal\" rel=\"nofollow\">inguinal canal<\/a>\u00a0as part of the\u00a0<a title=\"Spermatic cord\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spermatic_cord\" rel=\"nofollow\">spermatic cord<\/a>\u00a0on their way to the\u00a0<a title=\"Testis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testis\" rel=\"nofollow\">testis<\/a>. Upward flow of blood in the veins is ensured by small one-way valves that prevent backflow. Defective valves, or compression of the vein by a nearby structure, can cause dilatation of the testicular veins near the testis, leading to the formation of a varicocele.<br \/><h2><a name=\"TOC-Signs-and-symptoms\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Signs and symptoms<\/span><\/h2><p>Symptoms of a varicocele may include:<\/p><ul><li>Dragging-like or aching pain within\u00a0<a title=\"Scrotum\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scrotum\" rel=\"nofollow\">scrotum<\/a>.<\/li><li>Feeling of heaviness in the testicle(s)<\/li><li>Atrophy (shrinking) of the testicle(s)<\/li><li>Alteration of testosterone levels.<sup>[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:No original research\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Synthesis_of_published_material_that_advances_a_position\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"The material near this tag may be based upon an improper synthesis of sources. (January 2014)\">improper synthesis?<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele#cite_note-1\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele#cite_note-2\" rel=\"nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele#cite_note-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele#cite_note-4\" rel=\"nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele#cite_note-5\" rel=\"nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele#cite_note-6\" rel=\"nofollow\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele#cite_note-7\" rel=\"nofollow\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele#cite_note-8\" rel=\"nofollow\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele#cite_note-9\" rel=\"nofollow\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele#cite_note-10\" rel=\"nofollow\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Visible or palpable (able to be felt) enlarged vein<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele#cite_note-11\" rel=\"nofollow\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varicocele<\/a><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cc399e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cc399e4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b997a9\" data-id=\"1b997a9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bb5c09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9bb5c09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Testicular Torsion<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d0caf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d0caf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Testicular torsion<\/b>\u00a0occurs when the\u00a0<a title=\"Spermatic cord\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spermatic_cord\" rel=\"nofollow\">spermatic cord<\/a>\u00a0(from which the\u00a0<a title=\"Testicle\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicle\" rel=\"nofollow\">testicle<\/a>\u00a0is suspended) twists, cutting off the testicle&#8217;s blood supply, a condition called\u00a0<a title=\"Ischemia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ischemia\" rel=\"nofollow\">ischemia<\/a>. The principal symptom is rapid onset of\u00a0<a title=\"Testicular pain\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_pain\" rel=\"nofollow\">testicular pain<\/a>. The most common underlying cause is a\u00a0<a title=\"Congenital disorder\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congenital_disorder\" rel=\"nofollow\">congenital malformation<\/a>\u00a0known as a &#8220;<a title=\"Bell (instrument)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bell_%28instrument%29\" rel=\"nofollow\">bell-clapper<\/a>\u00a0deformity&#8221; wherein the testis is inadequately affixed to the\u00a0<a title=\"Scrotum\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scrotum\" rel=\"nofollow\">scrotum<\/a>\u00a0allowing it to move freely on its axis and susceptible to induced twisting of the cord and its vessels. The\u00a0<a title=\"Medical diagnosis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_diagnosis\" rel=\"nofollow\">diagnosis<\/a>\u00a0can be made clinically but an urgent\u00a0<a title=\"Ultrasound\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ultrasound\" rel=\"nofollow\">ultrasound<\/a>\u00a0is helpful in evaluation. Irreversible\u00a0<a title=\"Ischemia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ischemia\" rel=\"nofollow\">ischemia<\/a>\u00a0begins around six hours after onset and\u00a0<a title=\"Emergency\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emergency\" rel=\"nofollow\">emergency<\/a>\u00a0diagnosis and treatment is required within this time in order to minimize\u00a0<a title=\"Necrosis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Necrosis\" rel=\"nofollow\">necrosis<\/a>\u00a0and to improve the chance of salvaging the testicle.<br \/><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_torsion\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_torsion<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08dfedc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08dfedc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-98da46e\" data-id=\"98da46e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03e5032 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"03e5032\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Testicular Cancer<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-523d5d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"523d5d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Testicular cancer<\/b>\u00a0is\u00a0<a title=\"Cancer\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancer\" rel=\"nofollow\">cancer<\/a>\u00a0that develops in the\u00a0<a title=\"Testicle\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicle\" rel=\"nofollow\">testicles<\/a>, a part of the\u00a0<a title=\"Male\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Male\" rel=\"nofollow\">male<\/a>\u00a0reproductive system.<\/p><p>In the United States, between 7,500 and 8,000 diagnoses of testicular cancer are made each year.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-1\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-2\" rel=\"nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0In the UK, approximately 2,000 men are diagnosed each year,<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and over his lifetime, a man&#8217;s risk of testicular cancer is roughly 1 in 200 (0.4%).<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-CRUK-4\" rel=\"nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0It is the most common cancer in males aged 20\u201339 years, the period of peak incidence, and is rarely seen before the age of 15 years.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-5\" rel=\"nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>Testicular cancer has one of the highest cure rates of all cancers: If the cancer hasn\u2019t spread outside the testicle, the 5-year relative survival rate is 99%. Even if the cancer has grown into nearby structures or has spread to nearby lymph nodes, the rate is 96%. If it has spread to organs or lymph nodes away from the tumor, the 5-year relative survival rate is around 74%. (<a title=\"Metastasis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metastasis\" rel=\"nofollow\">metastasized<\/a>).<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-6\" rel=\"nofollow\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Even for the relatively few cases in which malignant cancer has spread widely, modern\u00a0<a title=\"Chemotherapy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemotherapy\" rel=\"nofollow\">chemotherapy<\/a>\u00a0offers a cure rate of at least 80%.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-jama20080213-7\" rel=\"nofollow\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>Not all lumps on the testicles are tumors, and not all tumors are malignant (cancerous). There are many other conditions, such as\u00a0<a title=\"Testicular microlithiasis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_microlithiasis\" rel=\"nofollow\">testicular microlithiasis<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Epididymal cyst\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epididymal_cyst\" rel=\"nofollow\">epididymal cysts<\/a>, and\u00a0<a title=\"Appendix testis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Appendix_testis\" rel=\"nofollow\">appendix testis<\/a>\u00a0(hydatid of Morgagni), which may be painful but are non-cancerous.<\/p><h2><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Signs and symptoms<\/span><\/h2><p>One of the first signs of testicular cancer is often a lump or swelling in the testes. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against routine screening for testicular cancer in asymptomatic adolescent and adults including routine testicular self-exams.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-8\" rel=\"nofollow\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0However, the American Cancer Society suggests that some men should examine their testicles monthly, especially if they have a family history of cancer, and the American Urological Association recommends monthly testicular self examinations for all young men.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-9\" rel=\"nofollow\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-10\" rel=\"nofollow\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>Symptoms may also include one or more of the following:<\/p><ul><li>a\u00a0<a title=\"Swelling (medical)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swelling_%28medical%29\" rel=\"nofollow\">lump<\/a>\u00a0in one testis which may or may not be painful<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-harrison16th-11\" rel=\"nofollow\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-afp2008-12\" rel=\"nofollow\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>sharp pain or a dull ache in the lower\u00a0<a title=\"Abdomen\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abdomen\" rel=\"nofollow\">abdomen<\/a>\u00a0or scrotum<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-afp2008-12\" rel=\"nofollow\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>a feeling often described as &#8220;heaviness&#8221; in the scrotum<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-afp2008-12\" rel=\"nofollow\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>breast enlargement (<a title=\"Gynecomastia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gynecomastia\" rel=\"nofollow\">gynecomastia<\/a>) from hormonal effects of \u03b2-hCG<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-harrison16th-11\" rel=\"nofollow\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-afp2008-12\" rel=\"nofollow\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li><a title=\"Low back pain\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Low_back_pain\" rel=\"nofollow\">low back pain<\/a>\u00a0(lumbago) tumor spread to the lymph nodes along the back<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-harrison16th-11\" rel=\"nofollow\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-afp2008-12\" rel=\"nofollow\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><p>It is not very common for testicular cancer to spread to other organs, apart from the lungs. However, if it has, the following symptoms may be present:<\/p><ul><li>shortness of breath (<a title=\"Dyspnea\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dyspnea\" rel=\"nofollow\">dyspnea<\/a>),\u00a0<a title=\"Cough\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cough\" rel=\"nofollow\">cough<\/a>\u00a0or coughing up blood (<a title=\"Hemoptysis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemoptysis\" rel=\"nofollow\">hemoptysis<\/a>) from metastatic spread to the lungs<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-harrison16th-11\" rel=\"nofollow\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-afp2008-12\" rel=\"nofollow\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>a lump in the neck due to metastases to the lymph nodes<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-harrison16th-11\" rel=\"nofollow\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer#cite_note-afp2008-12\" rel=\"nofollow\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><p><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testicular_cancer<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-314ddd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"314ddd2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ad7b38d\" data-id=\"ad7b38d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45be6bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45be6bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prostatitis<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fab4522 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fab4522\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Prostatitis<\/b>\u00a0(less commonly\u00a0<b>prostatosis<\/b>) is\u00a0<a title=\"Inflammation\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inflammation\" rel=\"nofollow\">inflammation<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0<a title=\"Prostate\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate\" rel=\"nofollow\">prostate<\/a>\u00a0gland. Prostatitis is classified into acute, chronic, asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis, and chronic pelvic pain syndrome.<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostatitis\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostatitis<\/a><\/p><h2><a name=\"TOC-Classification\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Classification<\/span><\/h2><p>The term\u00a0<i>prostatitis<\/i>\u00a0refers, in its strictest sense, to\u00a0<a title=\"Histological\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Histological\" rel=\"nofollow\">histological<\/a>\u00a0(microscopic)\u00a0<a title=\"Inflammation\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inflammation\" rel=\"nofollow\">inflammation<\/a>\u00a0of the tissue of the\u00a0<a title=\"Prostate gland\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_gland\" rel=\"nofollow\">prostate gland<\/a>. Like all forms of inflammation, it can be associated with an appropriate response of the body to an infection, but it also occurs in the absence of infection.<\/p><p>In 1999, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (<a title=\"NIDDK (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=NIDDK&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" rel=\"nofollow\">NIDDK<\/a>) devised a new classification system.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostatitis#cite_note-pmid10422990-2\" rel=\"nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostatitis#cite_note-Nickel1999-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0For more specifics about each type of prostatitis, including information on symptoms, treatment, and prognosis, follow the links to the relevant full articles.<\/p><table><tbody><tr><th>Category<\/th><th>Pain?<\/th><th>Bacteria?<\/th><th>WBCs?<\/th><th>NIDDK<br \/>(Current)<\/th><th>Description<\/th><th>Meares\/Stamey<br \/>(Old)<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>I<\/td><td>yes<\/td><td>yes<\/td><td>yes<\/td><td><a title=\"Acute prostatitis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acute_prostatitis\" rel=\"nofollow\">Acute prostatitis<\/a><\/td><td><b>Acute prostatitis<\/b>\u00a0is a bacterial infection of the prostate gland that requires urgent medical treatment.<\/td><td>Acute bacterial prostatitis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>II<\/td><td>\u00b1<\/td><td>yes<\/td><td>yes<\/td><td><a title=\"Chronic bacterial prostatitis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chronic_bacterial_prostatitis\" rel=\"nofollow\">Chronic bacterial prostatitis<\/a><\/td><td><b>Chronic bacterial prostatitis<\/b>\u00a0is a relatively rare condition that usually presents as intermittent\u00a0<a title=\"Urinary tract infection\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urinary_tract_infection\" rel=\"nofollow\">urinary tract infections<\/a>.<\/td><td>Chronic bacterial prostatitis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IIIa<\/td><td>yes<\/td><td>no<\/td><td>yes<\/td><td>Inflammatory CP\/CPPS<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><a title=\"Chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chronic_prostatitis\/chronic_pelvic_pain_syndrome\" rel=\"nofollow\">Chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome<\/a>, accounting for 90%-95% of prostatitis diagnoses,<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostatitis#cite_note-pmid16409145-4\" rel=\"nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0used to be known as\u00a0<i>chronic nonbacterial prostatitis<\/i>.<\/td><td><a title=\"Nonbacterial prostatitis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nonbacterial_prostatitis\" rel=\"nofollow\">Nonbacterial prostatitis<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IIIb<\/td><td>yes<\/td><td>no<\/td><td>no<\/td><td>Noninflammatory CP\/CPPS<\/td><td><a title=\"Prostatodynia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostatodynia\" rel=\"nofollow\">Prostatodynia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IV<\/td><td>no<\/td><td>no<\/td><td>yes<\/td><td><a title=\"Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asymptomatic_inflammatory_prostatitis\" rel=\"nofollow\">Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis<\/a><\/td><td><b>Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis<\/b>\u00a0patients have no history of genitourinary pain complaints, but\u00a0<a title=\"Leukocytosis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leukocytosis\" rel=\"nofollow\">leukocytosis<\/a>\u00a0is noted, usually during evaluation for other conditions. Between 6-19% of men have pus cells in their semen but no symptoms.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostatitis#cite_note-pmid18455767-5\" rel=\"nofollow\">[5]<\/a><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><\/sup><\/td><td>(none)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e9a2cd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e9a2cd1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e74104b\" data-id=\"e74104b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81dd3f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"81dd3f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prostate Cancer<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f760e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13f760e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Prostate cancer<\/b>\u00a0is a form of\u00a0<a title=\"Cancer\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancer\" rel=\"nofollow\">cancer<\/a>\u00a0that develops in the\u00a0<a title=\"Prostate\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate\" rel=\"nofollow\">prostate<\/a>, a gland in the\u00a0<a title=\"Male\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Male\" rel=\"nofollow\">male<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Reproductive system\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reproductive_system\" rel=\"nofollow\">reproductive system<\/a>. Most prostate cancers are slow growing;<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-1\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0however, there are cases of aggressive prostate cancers.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-2\" rel=\"nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The cancer cells may\u00a0<a title=\"Metastasis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metastasis\" rel=\"nofollow\">metastasize<\/a>\u00a0(spread) from the prostate to other parts of the body, particularly the\u00a0<a title=\"Bone\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bone\" rel=\"nofollow\">bones<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Lymph node\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lymph_node\" rel=\"nofollow\">lymph nodes<\/a>. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty in\u00a0<a title=\"Urination\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urination\" rel=\"nofollow\">urinating<\/a>, problems during sexual intercourse,\u00a0<a title=\"Erectile dysfunction\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erectile_dysfunction\" rel=\"nofollow\">erectile dysfunction<\/a>, or death. Other symptoms can potentially develop during later stages of the disease.<\/p><p>Rates of detection of prostate cancers vary widely across the world, with South and East Asia detecting less frequently than in Europe, and especially the United States.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-web.archive.org-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Prostate cancer tends to develop in men over the age of fifty.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-Siegel2011-4\" rel=\"nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Globally it is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in men<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-Baade2009-5\" rel=\"nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0(it is now the first in the UK and second in the United States).<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-Siegel2011-4\" rel=\"nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Prostate cancer is most common in the developed world with increasing rates in the developing world.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-Baade2009-5\" rel=\"nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0However, many men with prostate cancer never have symptoms, undergo no therapy, and eventually die of other unrelated causes. Many factors, including\u00a0<a title=\"Genetics\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genetics\" rel=\"nofollow\">genetics<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Diet (nutrition)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diet_%28nutrition%29\" rel=\"nofollow\">diet<\/a>, have been implicated in the development of prostate cancer. Recently the prevalence of light pollution has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-6\" rel=\"nofollow\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>The presence of prostate cancer may be indicated by\u00a0<a title=\"Symptom\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symptom\" rel=\"nofollow\">symptoms<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Physical examination\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Physical_examination\" rel=\"nofollow\">physical examination<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Prostate-specific antigen\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate-specific_antigen\" rel=\"nofollow\">prostate-specific antigen<\/a>\u00a0(PSA), or\u00a0<a title=\"Biopsy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biopsy\" rel=\"nofollow\">biopsy<\/a>. Prostate-specific antigen testing increases cancer detection but does not decrease mortality.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-BMJ2010-7\" rel=\"nofollow\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The\u00a0<a title=\"United States Preventive Services Task Force\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Preventive_Services_Task_Force\" rel=\"nofollow\">United States Preventive Services Task Force<\/a>\u00a0in 2012 recommended against\u00a0<a title=\"Prostate cancer screening\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer_screening\" rel=\"nofollow\">screening for prostate cancer<\/a>\u00a0using the PSA testing, due to the risk of over-diagnosis and over-treatment with most prostate cancer remaining asymptomatic.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-USPTF2012-8\" rel=\"nofollow\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The USPSTF concludes that the potential benefit of testing does not outweigh the expected harms.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-USPTF2012-8\" rel=\"nofollow\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>Management strategies for prostate cancer should be guided by the severity of the disease. Many low-risk tumors can be safely followed with active surveillance. Curative treatment generally involves\u00a0<a title=\"Surgery\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surgery\" rel=\"nofollow\">surgery<\/a>, various forms of\u00a0<a title=\"Radiation therapy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radiation_therapy\" rel=\"nofollow\">radiation therapy<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Proton therapy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proton_therapy\" rel=\"nofollow\">proton therapy<\/a>\u00a0or, less commonly,\u00a0<a title=\"Cryosurgery\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cryosurgery\" rel=\"nofollow\">cryosurgery<\/a>;\u00a0<a title=\"Hormonal therapy (oncology)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hormonal_therapy_%28oncology%29\" rel=\"nofollow\">hormonal therapy<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Chemotherapy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemotherapy\" rel=\"nofollow\">chemotherapy<\/a>\u00a0are generally reserved for cases of advanced disease (although hormonal therapy may be given with radiation in some cases). Several studies suggest that\u00a0<a title=\"Masturbation\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Masturbation\" rel=\"nofollow\">masturbation<\/a>\u00a0reduces the risk of prostate cancer, but the results are controversial.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-9\" rel=\"nofollow\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-10\" rel=\"nofollow\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-11\" rel=\"nofollow\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>The age and underlying health of the man, the extent of\u00a0<a title=\"Metastasis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metastasis\" rel=\"nofollow\">metastasis<\/a>, appearance under the\u00a0<a title=\"Microscope\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microscope\" rel=\"nofollow\">microscope<\/a>\u00a0and response of the cancer to initial treatment are important in determining the\u00a0<a title=\"Prognosis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prognosis\" rel=\"nofollow\">outcome<\/a>\u00a0of the disease. The decision whether or not to treat localized prostate cancer (a tumor that is contained within the prostate) with curative intent is a\u00a0<a title=\"Patient trade-off\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patient_trade-off\" rel=\"nofollow\">patient trade-off<\/a>\u00a0between the expected beneficial and harmful effects in terms of patient survival and\u00a0<a title=\"Quality of life\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quality_of_life\" rel=\"nofollow\">quality of life<\/a>.<\/p><h2><a name=\"TOC-Signs-and-symptoms\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Signs and symptoms<\/span><\/h2><p>Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. Sometimes, however, prostate cancer does cause symptoms, often similar to those of diseases such as\u00a0<a title=\"Benign prostatic hyperplasia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia\" rel=\"nofollow\">benign prostatic hyperplasia<\/a>. These include frequent urination,\u00a0<a title=\"Nocturia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nocturia\" rel=\"nofollow\">nocturia<\/a>\u00a0(increased urination at night), difficulty starting and maintaining a steady stream of urine,\u00a0<a title=\"Hematuria\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hematuria\" rel=\"nofollow\">hematuria<\/a>\u00a0(blood in the urine), and\u00a0<a title=\"Dysuria\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dysuria\" rel=\"nofollow\">dysuria<\/a>\u00a0(painful urination). About a third of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer have one or more such symptoms, while two thirds have no symptoms.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-prostateCApresentation-12\" rel=\"nofollow\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>Prostate cancer is associated with urinary dysfunction as the prostate gland surrounds the prostatic urethra. Changes within the gland, therefore, directly affect urinary function. Because the\u00a0<i><a title=\"Vas deferens\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vas_deferens\" rel=\"nofollow\">vas deferens<\/a><\/i>\u00a0deposits seminal fluid into the prostatic urethra, and secretions from the prostate gland itself are included in semen content, prostate cancer may also cause problems with sexual function and performance, such as difficulty achieving\u00a0<a title=\"Erection\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erection\" rel=\"nofollow\">erection<\/a>\u00a0or painful\u00a0<a title=\"Ejaculation\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ejaculation\" rel=\"nofollow\">ejaculation<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-prostateCApresentation-12\" rel=\"nofollow\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>Advanced prostate cancer can spread to other parts of the body, possibly causing additional symptoms. The most common symptom is\u00a0<a title=\"Bone pain\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bone_pain\" rel=\"nofollow\">bone pain<\/a>, often in the\u00a0<a title=\"Vertebrae\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vertebrae\" rel=\"nofollow\">vertebrae<\/a>\u00a0(bones of the spine),\u00a0<a title=\"Pelvis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pelvis\" rel=\"nofollow\">pelvis<\/a>, or\u00a0<a title=\"Rib\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rib\" rel=\"nofollow\">ribs<\/a>. Spread of cancer into other bones such as the\u00a0<a title=\"Femur\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Femur\" rel=\"nofollow\">femur<\/a>\u00a0is usually to the proximal part of the bone. Prostate cancer in the\u00a0<a title=\"Vertebral column\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vertebral_column\" rel=\"nofollow\">spine<\/a>\u00a0can also compress the\u00a0<a title=\"Spinal cord\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spinal_cord\" rel=\"nofollow\">spinal cord<\/a>, causing leg weakness and\u00a0<a title=\"Urinary incontinence\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urinary_incontinence\" rel=\"nofollow\">urinary<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Fecal incontinence\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fecal_incontinence\" rel=\"nofollow\">fecal incontinence<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-13\" rel=\"nofollow\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer#cite_note-13\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostate_cancer<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf6ddc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf6ddc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65a03b2\" data-id=\"65a03b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f69d6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f69d6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Phimosis<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0575c65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0575c65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Phimosis<\/b>\u00a0(<span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'f' in 'find'\">f<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u026a\/ short 'i' in 'bid'\">\u026a<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u02c8\/ primary stress follows\">\u02c8<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'m' in 'my'\">m<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/o\u028a\/ long 'o' in 'bode'\">o\u028a<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'s' in 'sigh'\">s<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u0268\/ 'e' in 'roses'\">\u0268<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'s' in 'sigh'\">s<\/span><\/a><span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span>\u00a0or\u00a0<span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'f' in 'find'\">f<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/a\u026a\/ long 'i' in 'bide'\">a\u026a<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u02c8\/ primary stress follows\">\u02c8<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'m' in 'my'\">m<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/o\u028a\/ long 'o' in 'bode'\">o\u028a<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'s' in 'sigh'\">s<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u0268\/ 'e' in 'roses'\">\u0268<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'s' in 'sigh'\">s<\/span><\/a><span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-1\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-2\" rel=\"nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>), from the\u00a0<a title=\"Greek language\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_language\" rel=\"nofollow\">Greek<\/a>\u00a0<i>phimos<\/i>\u00a0(\u03c6\u1fd1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\u00a0[&#8220;muzzle&#8221;]), is a condition in males where the\u00a0<a title=\"Foreskin\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreskin\" rel=\"nofollow\">foreskin<\/a>\u00a0cannot be fully retracted over the\u00a0<a title=\"Glans penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glans_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">glans penis<\/a>. The term may also refer to\u00a0<b>clitoral phimosis<\/b>\u00a0in women, whereby the\u00a0<a title=\"Clitoral hood\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clitoral_hood\" rel=\"nofollow\">clitoral hood<\/a>\u00a0cannot be retracted, limiting exposure of the\u00a0<a title=\"Glans clitoridis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glans_clitoridis\" rel=\"nofollow\">glans clitoridis<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>At birth, the foreskin is fused to the\u00a0<a title=\"Glans penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glans_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">head of the penis<\/a>\u00a0and is not retractable. Huntley\u00a0<i>et al.<\/i>\u00a0state that &#8220;non-retractability can be considered normal for males up to and including\u00a0<a title=\"Adolescence\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolescence\" rel=\"nofollow\">adolescence<\/a>.&#8221;<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-huntley2003-4\" rel=\"nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>Normal developmental non-retractability does not cause any problems. Phimosis is deemed\u00a0<a title=\"Pathology\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pathology\" rel=\"nofollow\">pathological<\/a>\u00a0when it causes problems. For instance: trouble urinating, or performing normal sexual functions. There are numerous causes of so-called pathological phimosis. Common treatments include\u00a0<a title=\"Steroid\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steroid\" rel=\"nofollow\">steroid<\/a>\u00a0creams, manual stretching, changing\u00a0<a title=\"Masturbation\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Masturbation\" rel=\"nofollow\">masturbation<\/a>\u00a0habits,\u00a0<a title=\"Preputioplasty\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Preputioplasty\" rel=\"nofollow\">preputioplasty<\/a>, and\u00a0<a title=\"Circumcision\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Circumcision\" rel=\"nofollow\">circumcision<\/a>.<\/p><h2><a name=\"TOC-Cause\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Cause<\/span><\/h2><p>There are three mechanical conditions that prevent foreskin retraction.:<\/p><dl><dd>1. The tip of the foreskin is too narrow to pass over the\u00a0<a title=\"Glans penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glans_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">glans penis<\/a>. This is normal in children and adolescents.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-kayaba-15\" rel=\"nofollow\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-Oster-16\" rel=\"nofollow\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dd>2. The inner surface of the foreskin is fused with the\u00a0<a title=\"Glans penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glans_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">glans penis<\/a>. This is normal in children and adolescents but abnormal in adults.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-Oster-16\" rel=\"nofollow\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dd>3. The\u00a0<a title=\"Frenulum of prepuce of penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frenulum_of_prepuce_of_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">frenulum<\/a>\u00a0is too short to allow complete retraction of the foreskin (<a title=\"Frenulum breve\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frenulum_breve\" rel=\"nofollow\">frenulum breve<\/a>).<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-Oster-16\" rel=\"nofollow\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><p>Pathological phimosis (as opposed to the natural non-retractability of the foreskin in childhood) is rare and the causes are varied. Some cases may arise from\u00a0<a title=\"Balanitis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balanitis\" rel=\"nofollow\">balanitis<\/a>\u00a0(inflammation of the glans penis),<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-17\" rel=\"nofollow\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0perhaps due in turn to inappropriate efforts to retract an infant&#8217;s foreskin.<\/p><p>Beaug\u00e9 noted that unusual\u00a0<a title=\"Masturbation\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Masturbation\" rel=\"nofollow\">masturbation<\/a>\u00a0practices, such as thrusting against the bed or rubbing the foreskin forward, do not stretch the foreskin and retard normal development of retraction in adolescents. Patients are advised to stop exacerbating masturbation techniques and are encouraged to masturbate by moving the foreskin up and down so as to mimic more closely the action of\u00a0<a title=\"Sexual intercourse\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sexual_intercourse\" rel=\"nofollow\">sexual intercourse<\/a>. After giving this advice Beaug\u00e9 noted not once did he have to recommend circumcision.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-Beauge1997-18\" rel=\"nofollow\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-Beauge1991-19\" rel=\"nofollow\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p><a title=\"Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lichen_sclerosus_et_atrophicus\" rel=\"nofollow\">Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus<\/a>\u00a0(thought to be the same condition as\u00a0<a title=\"Balanitis xerotica obliterans\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balanitis_xerotica_obliterans\" rel=\"nofollow\">balanitis xerotica obliterans<\/a>) is regarded as a common (or even the main<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-20\" rel=\"nofollow\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>) cause of pathological phimosis.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-21\" rel=\"nofollow\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0This is a skin condition of unknown origin causes a whitish ring of indurated tissue (a\u00a0<a title=\"Cicatrix\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cicatrix\" rel=\"nofollow\">cicatrix<\/a>) to form near the tip of the prepuce. This inelastic tissue prevents retraction.<\/p><p>Phimosis may occur after other types of chronic inflammation (such as\u00a0<a title=\"Balanoposthitis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balanoposthitis\" rel=\"nofollow\">balanoposthitis<\/a>), repeated\u00a0<a title=\"Urinary catheterization\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urinary_catheterization\" rel=\"nofollow\">catheterization<\/a>, or forcible foreskin retraction.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-Cantu-22\" rel=\"nofollow\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>Phimosis may also arise in untreated diabetics due to the presence of glucose in their urine giving rise to infection in the foreskin.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis#cite_note-23\" rel=\"nofollow\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>Phimosis in older children and adults can vary in severity, with some able to retract their foreskin partially (&#8216;relative phimosis&#8217;), and some completely unable to retract their foreskin even in the flaccid state (&#8216;full phimosis&#8217;).<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phimosis<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-90e92d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"90e92d8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f06c326\" data-id=\"f06c326\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e19f23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e19f23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Peyronie's Disease<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c45b54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c45b54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Peyronie&#8217;s disease<\/b>\u00a0(<span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'p' in 'pie'\">p<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/e\u026a\/ long 'a' in 'base'\">e\u026a<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'r' in 'rye'\">r<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/o\u028a\/ long 'o' in 'bode'\">o\u028a<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'n' in 'nigh'\">n<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u02c8\/ primary stress follows\">\u02c8<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/i\u02d0\/ long 'e' in 'bead'\">i\u02d0<\/span><\/a><span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span>), also known as\u00a0<i>induratio penis plastica<\/i><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peyronie%27s_disease#cite_note-Fitz2-1\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0or chronic inflammation of the\u00a0<a title=\"Tunica albuginea (penis)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunica_albuginea_%28penis%29\" rel=\"nofollow\">tunica albuginea<\/a>\u00a0(CITA), is a\u00a0<a title=\"Connective tissue disorder\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Connective_tissue_disorder\" rel=\"nofollow\">connective tissue disorder<\/a>\u00a0involving the growth of fibrous plaques<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peyronie%27s_disease#cite_note-pmid12514077-2\" rel=\"nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a title=\"Soft tissue\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soft_tissue\" rel=\"nofollow\">soft tissue<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0<a title=\"Penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">penis<\/a>\u00a0affecting 5% of men.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peyronie%27s_disease#cite_note-pollack-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Specifically, scar tissue forms in the\u00a0<a title=\"Tunica albuginea (penis)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunica_albuginea_%28penis%29\" rel=\"nofollow\">tunica albuginea<\/a>, the thick sheath of tissue surrounding the\u00a0<a title=\"Corpus cavernosum penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corpus_cavernosum_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">corpora cavernosa<\/a>\u00a0causing pain, abnormal curvature, erectile dysfunction, indentation, loss of girth and shortening.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peyronie%27s_disease#cite_note-4\" rel=\"nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peyronie%27s_disease#cite_note-5\" rel=\"nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peyronie%27s_disease#cite_note-titlePeyronie.27s_Disease-6\" rel=\"nofollow\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peyronie%27s_disease#cite_note-titlePeyronie.27s_disease_.E2.80.93_MayoClinic.com-7\" rel=\"nofollow\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0A variety of treatments have been used, but none have been especially effective.<br \/><br \/><\/p><h2><a name=\"TOC-Signs-and-symptoms\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Signs and symptoms<a title=\"Enlarge\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Peyronie_disease.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/bits.wikimedia.org\/static-1.23wmf18\/skins\/common\/images\/magnify-clip.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/h2><div><div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><p>A certain degree of curvature of the penis is considered normal, as many men are born with this benign condition, commonly referred to as congenital curvature.<\/p><p>The disease may cause pain, hardened, big, cord-like\u00a0<a title=\"Lesion\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lesion\" rel=\"nofollow\">lesions<\/a>\u00a0(scar tissue known as &#8220;plaques&#8221;), or abnormal curvature of the penis when erect due to chronic inflammation of the tunica albuginea (CITA). Although the popular conception of Peyronie&#8217;s Disease is that it always involves curvature of the penis, the scar tissue sometimes causes divots or indentations rather than curvature. The condition may also make\u00a0<a title=\"Sexual intercourse\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sexual_intercourse\" rel=\"nofollow\">sexual intercourse<\/a>\u00a0painful and\/or difficult, though many men report satisfactory intercourse in spite of the disorder.<sup>[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup><\/p><p>Although it can affect men of any race and age, it is most commonly seen in\u00a0<a title=\"Caucasian race\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caucasian_race\" rel=\"nofollow\">Caucasian<\/a>\u00a0males above the age of 40<sup>[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup>, especially those of\u00a0<a title=\"Blood type\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blood_type\" rel=\"nofollow\">blood type<\/a>\u00a0A+, but has been seen in men as young as 18. The disorder is confined to the penis, although a substantial number of men with Peyronie&#8217;s exhibit concurrent\u00a0<a title=\"Connective tissue disorders\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Connective_tissue_disorders\" rel=\"nofollow\">connective tissue disorders<\/a>\u00a0in the hand, and to a lesser degree, in the feet. About 30 percent of men with Peyronie&#8217;s Disease develop\u00a0<a title=\"Fibrosis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fibrosis\" rel=\"nofollow\">fibrosis<\/a>\u00a0in other elastic tissues of the body, such as on the hand or foot, including\u00a0<a title=\"Dupuytren's contracture\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dupuytren%27s_contracture\" rel=\"nofollow\">Dupuytren&#8217;s contracture<\/a>\u00a0of the hand. An increased incidence in genetically related males suggests a genetic component.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peyronie%27s_disease#cite_note-8\" rel=\"nofollow\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peyronie%27s_disease#cite_note-8\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peyronie%27s_disease<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5a60bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5a60bc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-689e7b4\" data-id=\"689e7b4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebd7904 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ebd7904\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Penile Fracture<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8288eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8288eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Penile fracture<\/b>\u00a0is rupture of one or both of the\u00a0<i><a title=\"Tunica albuginea (penis)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunica_albuginea_%28penis%29\" rel=\"nofollow\">tunica albuginea<\/a><\/i>, the fibrous coverings that envelop the penis&#8217;s\u00a0<i><a title=\"Corpus cavernosum penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corpus_cavernosum_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">corpora cavernosa<\/a><\/i>. It is caused by rapid blunt force to an erect\u00a0<a title=\"Penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">penis<\/a>, usually during\u00a0<a title=\"Vaginal intercourse\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaginal_intercourse\" rel=\"nofollow\">vaginal intercourse<\/a>\u00a0or aggressive\u00a0<a title=\"Masturbation\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Masturbation\" rel=\"nofollow\">masturbation<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penile_fracture#cite_note-Greenberg.27s_Text-Atlas_of_Emergency_Medicine-1\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0It sometimes also involves partial or complete rupture of the\u00a0<a title=\"Urethra\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urethra\" rel=\"nofollow\">urethra<\/a>\u00a0or injury to the\u00a0<a title=\"Dorsal nerve of the penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dorsal_nerve_of_the_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">dorsal nerves<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Dorsal veins of the penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dorsal_veins_of_the_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">veins<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Dorsal artery of the penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dorsal_artery_of_the_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">arteries<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penile_fracture#cite_note-Haas-2\" rel=\"nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><h2><a name=\"TOC-Presentation\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Presentation<\/span><\/h2><p>A popping or cracking sound, significant pain, immediate flaccidity, and skin\u00a0<a title=\"Hematoma\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hematoma\" rel=\"nofollow\">hematoma<\/a>\u00a0of various sizes are commonly associated with the event.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penile_fracture#cite_note-Greenberg.27s_Text-Atlas_of_Emergency_Medicine-1\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h2><a name=\"TOC-Causes\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Causes<\/span><\/h2><p>Vaginal intercourse,\u00a0<a title=\"Anal intercourse\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anal_intercourse\" rel=\"nofollow\">anal intercourse<\/a>, and aggressive masturbation are the most common causes<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penile_fracture#cite_note-Greenberg.27s_Text-Atlas_of_Emergency_Medicine-1\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0but the practice of\u00a0<i>taqaandan<\/i>\u00a0(also\u00a0<i>taghaandan<\/i>) also puts men at risk of penile fracture. Taqaandan, which comes from a\u00a0<a title=\"Kurdish language\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kurdish_language\" rel=\"nofollow\">Kurdish<\/a>\u00a0word meaning &#8220;to click,&#8221; involves bending the top part of the erect penis while holding the lower part of the shaft in place, until a click is heard and felt. Taqaandan is said to be painless and has been compared to cracking one&#8217;s knuckles, but the practice of taqaandan has led to an increase in the prevalence of penile fractures in western\u00a0<a title=\"Iran\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" rel=\"nofollow\">Iran<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penile_fracture#cite_note-4\" rel=\"nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Taqaandan may be performed to achieve\u00a0<a title=\"Detumescence\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Detumescence\" rel=\"nofollow\">detumescence<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penile_fracture#cite_note-5\" rel=\"nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6c8a4b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6c8a4b2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50bf183\" data-id=\"50bf183\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7ace53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7ace53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paraphimosis<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdca549 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bdca549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Paraphimosis<\/b>\u00a0(<span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u02cc\/ secondary stress follows\">\u02cc<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'p' in 'pie'\">p<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u00e6r\/ 'arr' in 'marry'\">\u00e6r<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u0259\/ 'a' in 'about'\">\u0259<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'f' in 'find'\">f<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/a\u026a\/ long 'i' in 'bide'\">a\u026a<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u02c8\/ primary stress follows\">\u02c8<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'m' in 'my'\">m<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/o\u028a\/ long 'o' in 'bode'\">o\u028a<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'s' in 'sigh'\">s<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u0268\/ 'e' in 'roses'\">\u0268<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'s' in 'sigh'\">s<\/span><\/a><span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span>\u00a0or\u00a0<span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u02cc\/ secondary stress follows\">\u02cc<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'p' in 'pie'\">p<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u00e6r\/ 'arr' in 'marry'\">\u00e6r<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u0259\/ 'a' in 'about'\">\u0259<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'f' in 'find'\">f<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u0259\/ 'a' in 'about'\">\u0259<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u02c8\/ primary stress follows\">\u02c8<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'m' in 'my'\">m<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/o\u028a\/ long 'o' in 'bode'\">o\u028a<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'s' in 'sigh'\">s<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"\/\u0268\/ 'e' in 'roses'\">\u0268<\/span><\/a><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English#Key\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span title=\"'s' in 'sigh'\">s<\/span><\/a><span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\"><a title=\"Help:IPA for English\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA_for_English\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a><\/span><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraphimosis#cite_note-1\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraphimosis#cite_note-2\" rel=\"nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>) is an uncommon<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraphimosis#cite_note-emedicine-donohoe-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0medical condition where the\u00a0<a title=\"Foreskin\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreskin\" rel=\"nofollow\">foreskin<\/a>\u00a0becomes trapped behind the\u00a0<a title=\"Glans penis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glans_penis\" rel=\"nofollow\">glans penis<\/a>, and cannot be\u00a0<i>reduced<\/i>\u00a0(pulled back to its normal flaccid position covering the glans penis). If this condition persists for several hours or there is any sign of a lack of blood flow, paraphimosis should be treated as a\u00a0<a title=\"Medical emergency\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_emergency\" rel=\"nofollow\">medical emergency<\/a>, as it can result in\u00a0<a title=\"Gangrene\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gangrene\" rel=\"nofollow\">gangrene<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraphimosis#cite_note-emedicine-donohoe-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraphimosis#cite_note-emedicine-ghory-general-4\" rel=\"nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraphimosis#cite_note-aafp-choe-5\" rel=\"nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h2><a name=\"TOC-Causes\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Causes<\/span><\/h2><p>Paraphimosis is usually caused by well-meaning medical professionals or parents who handle the foreskin improperly:<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraphimosis#cite_note-emedicine-donohoe-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraphimosis#cite_note-aafp-choe-5\" rel=\"nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The foreskin may be retracted during penile examination, penile cleaning, urethral catheterization, or cystoscopy; if the foreskin is left retracted for a long period, some of the foreskin tissue may become edematous (swollen with fluid), which makes subsequent reduction of the foreskin difficult.<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraphimosis\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraphimosis<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Men&#8217;s health&nbsp;refers to health issues specific to human male anatomy. These often relate to structures such as&nbsp;male genitalia&nbsp;or to conditions caused by hormones specific to, or most notable in, males. Andrology&nbsp;(from&nbsp;Ancient&nbsp;Greek:&nbsp;\u1f00\u03bd\u03ae\u03c1,&nbsp;an\u0113r,&nbsp;genitive&nbsp;\u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2,&nbsp;andros, &#8220;man&#8221;; and&nbsp;-\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1,&nbsp;-logia) is the&nbsp;medical specialty&nbsp;that deals with male health, particularly relating to the problems of the&nbsp;male reproductive system&nbsp;and&nbsp;urological&nbsp;problems that are unique to&nbsp;men. It is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":238,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/telehealth-global.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/telehealth-global.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/telehealth-global.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/telehealth-global.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/telehealth-global.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/telehealth-global.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":777,"href":"https:\/\/telehealth-global.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35\/revisions\/777"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/telehealth-global.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/telehealth-global.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}